Rashidun Caliphs (8 June 632 - 29 January 661)
| Abu Bakr | 632 - 634 | Father of Aisha, Muhammad's wife |
| 'Umar | 634 - 644 | Father of Hafsa, Muhammad's wife |
| Uthman | 644 - 656 | Husband of Muhammad's daughters, Ruqayya and Umm Kulthum |
| 'Ali | 656 661 | Muhammad's cousin, Husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah |
| Hasan | 661 | Grandson of Muhammad. Son of 'Ali ibn Abi-Talib |
Umayyad Caliphs (661 - 6 August 750)
| Mu'awiyah I | 661 - 680 | Half-brother of Ramla bint Abu Sufyan, Muhammad's wife |
| Yazid I | 680 - 683 | Son of Mu'awiyah I |
| Mu'awiyah II | 683 - 684 | Son of Yazid I |
| Marwan I | 684 - 685 | First cousin of 'Uthman ibn 'Affan |
| 'Abd al-Malik | 685 (680) - 705 | Son of Marwan I |
| Al-Walid | 705 - 715 | Son of 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan |
| Sulayman | 715 - 717 | Son of Abd al-Malik and younger brother of Al-Walid I |
| Umar | 717 - 720 | Grandson of Marwan I. First cousin of Al-Walid I and Sulayman |
| Yazid II | 720 - 724 | Son of 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan |
| Hisham | 724 - 743 | Son of 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan |
| Al-Walid II | 743 - 744 | Son of Yazid II. Nephew of Hisham ibn 'Abd al-Malik |
| Yazid III | 744 | Son of Al-Walid II |
| Ibrahim | 744 (weeks) | Son of Al-Walid II |
| Marwan II | 744 750 | Grandson of Marwan I |
Abbasid Caliphs (750 -1258 and 1261 1517)
| Al-Saffah | 750 - 754 | Son of Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah |
| Al-Mansur | 754 - 775 | Son of Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah |
| Al-Mahdi | 775 - 785 | Son of Al-Mansur |
| Al-Mansur | 785 - 786 | Son of Al-Mahdi |
| Harun ar-Rashid | 786 - 809 | Son of Al-Mahdi |
| Al-Amin | 809 - 813 | Son of Harun ar-Rashid |
| Al-Ma'mun | 813 - 833 | Son of Harun ar-Rashid |
| 'Al-Mu'tasim | 833 - 842 | Son of Harun ar-Rashid |
| Al-Wathiq | 842 - 847 | Son of Al-Mu'tasim |
| Al-Mutawakkil | 847 - 861 | Son of Al-Mu'tasim |
| Al-Muntasir | 861 - 862 | Son of Mutawakkil |
| Al-Musta'im | 862 - 866 | Son of Al-Mu'tasim |
| Al-Mu'tazz | 866 - 869 | Son of Mutawakkil |
| Al-Muhtadi | 869 - 870 | Son of Al-Wathiq |
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